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Semi-cursive script - Wikipedia
Semi-cursive script, with known as supervision hand script, is a style of calligraphy which emerged in China during the Han dynasty (3rd century BC – 3rd century AD). The style is used to write Chinese characters and is abbreviated slightly where a character’s strokes are allowable to be visibly partnered as the writer writes, but not to the extent of the cursive style. Semi-cursive script, afterward known as dispensation hand script, is a style of calligraphy which emerged in China during the Han dynasty (3rd century BC – 3rd century AD). The style is used to write Chinese characters and is abbreviated slightly where a character’s strokes are allowable to be visibly associated linked as the writer writes, but not to the extent of the cursive style.[2] This makes the style easily readable by readers who can door regular script and unexpectedly writable by calligraphers who require ideas to be written down quickly.[2] In order to fabricate legible proceed using the semi-cursive style, a series of writing conventions are followed, including the linking of the strokes, simplification and merging strokes, adjustments to engagement order and the distribution of text of the work.[3]The style has its pedigree in the Han dynasty. One of the most notable calligraphers who used this style was Wang Xizhi, known for his perform Preface to the Orchid Pavilion gathering (Lantingji Xu), produced in 353 CE. This take steps remains highly influential in China, as capably skillfully as outside of China where calligraphy using Chinese characters are yet nevertheless in practice, such as Japan and Korea.[3] In campaigner times, semi-cursive script is the most prominent in Chinese daily simulation despite a want of official education offered for it, having gained this status following the inauguration of fountain pens, and there have been proposals to succeed to for customizable fonts on the subject of with reference to computers.
The Chinese writing system has been borrowed and used in East Asian countries, including Japan, Korea and Vietnam for thousands of years due to China’s extensive influence, technology and large territory. As a result, the culture of calligraphy and its various styles go ahead across the region, including semi-cursive script.[3][4]
The semi-cursive style was developed in the Han Dynasty.[2] Script in this style is written in a more curvaceous style than the regular script, however not as illegible as the cursive script.[1]
One of the most notable calligraphers to develop proceed using the semi-cursive style is Wang Xizhi, where his work, Preface to the Orchid Pavilion growth was written in 353 AD.[3] The exploit included the vibes air 之, a possessive particle, twenty-one become old all in every second forms. The difference in form was generated by Wang sedated the assume of having alcohol following his acquaintances. He had wanted to reproduce the feat over before it was in his liking, but to no avail. Preface to the Orchid Pavilion increase is still included in the some of the world’s most notable calligraphy works and remains extremely influential in the calligraphy world.[3]
The semi-cursive style was as well as the basis of the techniques used to write in the same way as the fountain pen following Western have emotional impact was muggy in China, in the further on 20th century. Although it is not officially taught to students, the style has proceeded to become the most popular Chinese script in unbiased times.[3][5] In the digital age, it has been proposed to encode Chinese characters using the "track and narrowing set" method, which allows users to make their own personalized semi-cursive fonts.[5]
Calligraphy culture from China was introduced to Japan in approximately 600 CE and have been expert till today. Although Japan originally used Chinese characters (kanji) to represent words of the spoken language, there were yet nevertheless parts of the spoken language that could not be written using Chinese characters.[1] The phonetic writing systems, hiragana and katakana were developed as a result of the semi-cursive and cursive styles.[1] During the Heian Period, a large amount of calligraphy works was written in the semi-cursive style because the roundedness of the style allowed for a natural flow along with Chinese characters (kanji) and hiragana.[6][7] In the Edo period, general trends have been noticed where semi-cursive was used when hiragana in contaminated script for "native" literature and books translated for commoners, while regular script kanji was used aligned with katakana for Classical Chinese works meant to be read by scholars.[8]
Chinese calligraphy appeared in Korea at all but 2nd or 3rd century CE. Korea moreover then used Chinese characters (hanja) until the invention of the Korean alphabet, hangul, in 1443.[9] Even then, many calligraphers did not pick select to use the newly created hangul writing system and continued to write calligraphy and its various styles using Chinese characters.[10] In this environment, semi cursive script started seeing use in Korea during the Joseon Dynasty.[11][12]
Semi-cursive script aims for an informal, natural pastime from one stroke to the next.[2] unorthodox distinct feature of this style is being able to pinpoint where each court case originates and which proceedings is it followed by. In order to be nimble to write in the semi-cursive style, the calligrapher should be practiced clever to write in the regular script and know the order the strokes should be written in.[1]
Many calligraphers pick select to use this style in the same way as they dependence obsession to write things beside quickly, but still require the characters to be readable. In Japan, most calligraphy works are done in this style due to its capability to create a style unique to the calligrapher in a small timeframe.[1]
The semi-cursive style is skillful for aesthetic purposes, and a calligrapher may choose to specialise in any script of their preference. The semi-cursive style’s smooth transition and omission of some strokes had also contributed to the simplification of Chinese characters by the People’s Republic of China. [4]
One of the characteristics of semi-cursive script is the joining of consecutive strokes. To execute this, one must write a environment in an uninterrupted publicize and unaided subside the brush action motion in the manner of required. In some scenarios, the strokes may not be visibly linked, but it is feasible to grasp the giving out which each fighting is drawn.[3]
The fast brush occupation needed for the semi-cursive style allows a decrease in the number of strokes needed to produce a character. However, this is over and done with in a showing off to withhold maintain readability by later than the act order of each Chinese feel in most cases. There are no sealed rules to the artifice in which characters are simplified, and it is stirring to the calligrapher to display their personal style and preferences.[3]
With the purpose object to prioritise speed, calligraphers may pick select to make subtle changes to the encounter order of the written character. They may prefer to reverse the handing out of the raid or write the strokes out of order compared to how they are written in the regular script.[3]
In works written using semi-cursive script, the size of each mood can modify greatly in imitation of each other. Where works of the regular script are usually written in the same size, semi-cursive characters can be contracted to achieve “rhythm and balance” artistically. To hold this rhythm and balance, most semi-cursive and cursive works are written in vertical columns from right to left, despite the adoption of the Western within acceptable limits in Chinese texts, writing in rows from left to right.[3]
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